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Passwords are the most commonly used method for user authentication. Passwords are so popular because the logic behind them makes sense to people and they’re relatively easy for developers to implement.
However, passwords can also introduce security vulnerabilities. Password crackers are designed to take credential data stolen in a data breach or other hack and extract passwords from it.
What is Password Cracking?
Password cracking is the process of attempting to gain unauthorized access to restricted systems using common passwords or algorithms that guess passwords. In other words, it's the art of obtaining the correct password that gives access to a system protected by an authentication method.
- Password cracking employs a number of techniques to achieve its goals.
- The cracking process can involve either comparing stored passwords against word lists or use algorithms to generate passwords that match.
What is password strength?
Password strength is the measure of a password's efficiency to resist password cracking attacks. The strength of a password is determined by:
- Length: the number of characters the password contains.
- Complexity: does it use a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols?
- Unpredictability: is it something that can be guessed easily by an attacker?
Let's now look at a practical example. We will use three passwords namely.
- password
- password]
- #password1$
- For this example, we will use the password strength indicator of Cpanel when creating passwords. The images below show the password strengths of each of the above-listed passwords.
The higher the strength number, the better the password.
- Let's suppose that we have to store our above passwords using md5 encryption. We will use an online md5 hash generator to convert our passwords into md5 hashes.
The table below shows the password hashes
We will now use http://www.md5this.com/ to crack the above hashes. The images below show the password cracking results for the above passwords.
As you can see from the above results, we managed to crack the first and second passwords that had lower strength numbers. We didn't manage to crack the third password which was longer, complex and unpredictable. It had a higher strength number.
Password cracking techniques !!
There are a number of techniques that can be used to crack passwords. We will describe the most commonly used ones below:
- Dictionary attack
- Brute force attack
- Rainbow table attack
- Guess
- Spidering
Password cracking tool !!
1. John the Ripper
2. Cain & Abel
3. Ophcrack
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